FLO4675919: Frederic II of Hohenstauffen (1194-1250) (Frederic II of the Holy Empire) and his falconer - Frederick II and his falconer, 13th century - Frederick II wears a gold crown, blue chlamys secured with gold clasp, red tunic with gold stripe and gemstones - He holds a gold sceptre - Falconer in a white cap, brown tunic, stockings, black belt with bird wings, and hooded falcon on gauntlet - From Frederick II's treatise on falconry, De Arte Venandi and Avibus - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676053: Frederic III of the Holy Empire, (Frederic of Habsburg, 1415-1493) - Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, 1415-1493 - He wears a tiara ornamented with gold, a violet scarf, gold brocade robe, and a cape of two-tone cloth, red stockings and gold sandals - From a fresco drawn by Pinturicchio (Bernardino di Betto) - Handcoloured illustration and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676371: Protocol de challenge d'un tournament de chevalerie, 15th century - Tourney challenge etiquette, 15th century - A seated prince hands a sword to the kneeling king of arms, accompanied by two heralds, to present to his opponent - The prince wears a scarlet hood, doublet, stockings, and cracows - The king of arms wears a coat of arms in ermine, green tunic boots poulaines and spurs - The dais is decorated with the princess's coat of arms - From an illustration by Barthelemy d'Eyck in Rene of Anjou's “” Tournament Book,”” 1488 - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676461: Costume d'un apothecaire de Florence (Italy), 15th century - Costume of the Florentine apothecary, Matteo di Marco Palmieri, 15th century - He wears a crimson turban and cape, lined with white fur, green robe with yellow lining, and red shoes - He holds a mortar and pestle - Physicians and apothecaries had the right to wear ermine and squirrel fur - From a squirrel fur - From a painting by Domenico Bartoli in Siena hospital - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676293: Scene of morals in a Milanese interior, the man heats up in front of the fireplace, while his wife sets the table for dinner, 15th century - Household scene in Milan, 15th century - A Milanese gentleman warms at the hearth, while himself a woman prepares a meal at the table - He wears a red cap, simar lined with ermine, and red stockings - She wears a white cap, red robe and white apron - From a miniature painting in a manuscript in Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Siena - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676301: Costume d'un homme de la nobility de Milan (Italy), 15th century - Nobleman of Milan, 15th century - He wears a black toque, a scarlet cape with skyblue lining, hanging sleeves, gold brocade robe, green doublet, black belt, pearl necklace and brooch of gemstones, red stockings and black shoes - From a painting of the Virgin by Bartolomeo Montagna, 1498 Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676348: The entrance of the judges, judges tellers, to a town - The lead judge wears a black cap, scarlet simar, and rides a horse in a caparison of scarlet with white band and blue bridle - The second judge has a black hat with plume, scarlet coat over yellow doublet, and rides a horse with a white caparison with scarlet bands - Their squire wears blue cap, green doublet, pink stockings and black cracows (pointed shoes) - From an illustration by Barthelemy d'Eyck in Rene of Anjou's “” Tournament Book,”” 1488 - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676402: Costume d'un juge penal anglais, 15eme century - Costume of an English criminal judge, 15th century - He wears an ermine-lined cape secured at the shoulder with a brooch, ermine-lined hood and robe, green purse with gold clasp - He wears a dagger called an anelacium from his belt - From a sepulchral monument to Sir William Gascoigne, Chief Justice of England during the reign of King Henry IV, in Harewood Church - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676565: Military costume: a French knight, Aimery by Guillaume Berard (?) , 13th century - Aimery by Guillaume Berard, French knight, condottiere and commander of the Florentine army at the battle of Campaldino, 1289 - He wears a helmet, chainmail suit of armour, tunic with fleurs de lys on blue, cuisses and greaves, shoes and spurs - He is armed with a shield (buckler), sword and dagger called a mist His horse has a blue caparison - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676765: Costume clerical: un monine benedictin, 14eme century - Benedictine monk, 14th century - He wears a black woolen hood and robe and carries a book - From English manuscript 3839 in the Vatican library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils , Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676852: Costume of the Rector of the Hospital of Siena (Italy), 14th century - Rector of the hospital of Santa Maria della Scala, Siena, 14th century - He wears a black toque over a white cap, violet silk cape, black robe with yellow cuffs, green doublet, and black shoes - From a fresco “” Healing the Sick” by Domenico di Bartolo - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677022: Une femme de la noblesse francaise, kneeling in prayer, 14th century - French noblewoman kneeling in prayer, 14th century, in turban of gold cloth, outer robe of ermine with silver skirt, inner robe of dark yellow with belt - From Bible 6829 held at the Imperiale Library of Paris - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676045: Costume d'un senateur venitien (Italy), 15th century - Venetian senator, 15th century - He wears a black toque, a velvet simar trimmed with fur on the sleeves, and black velvet stole - From a miniature painting by Piero della Francesca - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676049: Costume d'une dame de suite d'Alienor (Eleonore) du Portugal (1434-1467) (dame d'honneur ou dame de compagnie) - Lady in Waiting to Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress - She wears her hair tied in gold, a white blouse, blue corset and sleeves open at the shoulder, white taffeta dress, and pink cape bordered with green - From a fresco by Pinturicchio and Raphael in Siena - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676095: Maximilian I of Habsburg (1459-1519), Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, in suit of armour and plumed helmet, mounted on an armoured horse with caparison with the coat of arms of Austria (five golden quail) and the Archdukedom of Austria (silver fess on a red field) - After a colored woodcut by Hans Gkmair, 1508 - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676205: Italian military costume, 15th century - Italian military costume from the 15th century - He wears a steel helmet and cuirassed ornamented with gold, violet scarf, green doublet, pink stockings, and holds a sword - From a painting in the Sistine Chapel from Lucas Signorelli - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676017: Tribunal des marchands, 15th century - Merchant tribunal, Italy, 15th century - The magistrates are seated at top, scribes or notaries stand in the pit, and merchants outside the barrier - From a miniature painting by Sano di Pietro in the “” Statutes of Merchants,””” Siena library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676124: Costume of a Spanish nobleman, 15th century - Costume of a Spanish nobleman, 15th century - From a manuscript “” Office of Our Lady,”” in the Spanish court - He wears a large hat, a sleeveless simar (cassock) over a pink doublet, brown leather belt and purse, and red shoes - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4675939: Boniface, Duke of Tuscany - Boniface III, Margrave of Tuscany (c 985-1052) - He wears a gold hat decorated with precious stones, green chlamys bordered in gold, blue tunic, red stockings with gold bands and shoes - The throne is yellow with cushions and footrest - Illustration taken from a manuscript of Donizo's “” Vita Mathildis” - Handcoloured” - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4675957: Costume d'une femme de la noblesse italian, 14th century - Costume of an Italian noblewoman, 14th century - She wears a veil, a blue dress trimmed with fur and edged with gold, over a pink dress - From a painting in the Academy of Fine Arts, Siena - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4675962: Uniforms of Italian soldiers, 14th century - The wear tunics in Siena brown with coats of arms of Saint Mark (gold lion on red field), over suits of armour - The soldier with the banner of the church (two keys on a red field) wears a white helmet decorated with silver - From a fresco by Spinello Aretino in the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, depicting Pope Alexander III presenting the Doge of Venice with a sword to fight Frederick Barbarossa - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4675979: Vestment of an Italian cardinal, 14th century - From a painting of the Last Judgment by Ambrogio Lorenzetti in the Academy of Fine Arts, Siena - He wears a red hat, large red cape with hood, white surplice, blue cassock and red shoes - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676115: Costume of a Spanish noble woman, 15th century - Costume of a Spanish noble woman, 15th century - From a manuscript of “” Office of Our Lady”” in the Spanish court - She wears a white embroidered headdress, and a full cape over a dress - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676242: Costume d'un magistrate florentin (Italy), 15th century - Costume of a government magistrate in Florence, 15th century - He wears a scarlet hood, pink cape and yellow tunic, all lined in ermine - From a miniature in a manuscript of Dante in the Vatican - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676324: Male travel costume, 15th century - Male travel costume, 15th century - He wears a grey hood, scarlet doublet edged in black, belt and black purse in leather, breeches and boots - From a painting by an unknown artist in Brera Art Gallery, Milan - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676836: Costume d'une jeune femme italian, 14th century - Young Italian woman, 14th century - She wears a large turban and her hair tied with white laces, a gold simar with tight bodice and full skirts and sleeves trimmed with ermine, pointed red shoes - From a painting by Francesco Vanni of Siena - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677003: Costumes des magistrats du tribunal de Siena (Italy), 14th century - Magistrates of the court in Siena, Italy, 14th century - From a miniature in a manuscript in Siena library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677015: Costumes des magistrats du tribunal de Siena (Italy), 14th century - Magistrates of the court in Siena, Italy, 14th century - From a miniature in a manuscript in Siena library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676590: Costume of a young Italian woman in dress inspired by antique statues, 15th century - Under a small veil, she wears her long hair loose to the shoulders, a sign that she is unmarried - The violet gauze dress is fastened at the shoulders with gold clasps, bunched at the hip, then falls to the feet - Her sleeved bodice and shoes are in gold fabric - From a portrait by Pinturicchio - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676644: Costume of a woman of the nobility of Venice, 13th century - Noblewoman of Venice, 13th century - She wears a green cape lined in scarlet, a white bonnet with white diadem, white robe with red and gold embroidery at the neck and arms - From a mosaic in the door of Saint Mark's Basilica, Venice - Handcolored illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676700: Alexander Vitelleschi (?) , Knight of Empire and Count Palatin, 11th century - Alexandre Vitelleschi, imperial knight and count palatine, 11th century - Anachronistic costume of cape and tunic in burnt siena, red toque, lead-coloured stockings, gold spurs - From a 14th century sepulchral monument in Corneto - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676860: Matron costume (midwife) from Siena (Italy), 14th century, always dressed in green - Woman of Siena, 14th century - She wears a violet peaked headdress with hanging veil, green dress with embroidered flowers and large furlined sleeves - From a painting by Francesco Vanni in the Academy of Fine Arts, Siena - Handcolored illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676767: Costume of the Doge of Venice (Italy), 14th century - Doge of Venice, 14th century - He wears a ducal hat or corno in crimson velvet with a gold crown, ermine almuce, gold-brocade simar, crimson robe and gold shoes - From a sepulchral monument to Michele Steno (1331-1413) in Basilica Giovani e Paelo, Veno, Venice, Venice - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677094: Costume d'un jeune homme français, 14th century, portrait suppose de Guillaume de Lorris (Loris) (ca. 1200-around 1238), poet et et auteur du Roman de la Rose - Costume of a young French man, 14th century - He wears a green tabard with squirrel-fur lined hanging sleeves, and pink stockings and cracows (pointed shoes) - From a manuscript in the Biblioteca Angelica, Rome - (According to Massard, this is Guillaume de Lorris, English poet and author of “” Roman de la Rose -””) Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676956: Cansignorio della Scala (1340-1375), Italian condottiere, headdress of a liripion - Cansignorio della Scala, lord of Verona, 14th century - He wears a scarlet hood and hanging-sleeved tabard lined with ermine, stockings, gauntlets, belt and holds a two-handed illustration sword - From the tomb of the Scaligers in Verona - Handcoloured drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677052: Un homme de la noblesse francaise, kneeling en prayere, 14th century - French noble kneeling in prayer, 14th century, in tabard with heraldic lion rampant over a suit of armour - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images