PIX4565674: Galaxy has 13 billion years - light in cluster CL1358+62 - Galaxy 13 billion light - years away - Image obtained by the Hubble space telescope of the galaxy cluster CL1358+62. This cluster reveals to us, by a gravitational mirage effect, the deformed image of a galaxy, located behind the cluster at a distance of 13 billion years - light (the red crescent at the bottom right of the image). At the top right, a close-up of this arc reveals brighter points, indicating a strong star-forming activity within this galaxy. At the bottom right, a modeling of this arc. A NASA Hubble Space Telescope image of the galaxy cluster CL1358+62 has uncovered a gravitationally - lensed image of a more distant galaxy located far beyond the cluster. The gravitationally - lensed image appears as a red crescent to the lower right of center. The galaxy's image is brightened, magnified, and smeared into an arc - shape by the gravitational influence of the intervening galaxy cluster, which acts like a gigantic lens. Exact measurement of the distance from spectroscopic observations with the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii show the lensed galaxy is one of the farthest ever seen. Its light is only reaching us now from a time when the universe was but 7% its current age of approximately 14 billion years. This places the young galaxy as far as 13 billion light - years away. The lensing foreground cluster is 5 billion light - years from us. [UPPER RIGHT] A close - up of the gravitationally - lensed image shows why astronomers are excited about this unique opportunity to study the distant galaxy's structure. The stretched - out image reveals tiny knots of vigorous starbirth activity. This provides a first detailed look at the early construction phase of a galaxy undergoing training. [LOWER RIGHT] A theoretical model of the cluster lens is used to “” unsmear””” the gravitationally - lensed image back into the galaxy's normal appearance. The corrected image gives a highly / Bridgeman Images
PIX4565578: Clusters of distant galaxies RDCS1252.9 - 2927 - Distant galaxy cluster RDCS1252.9 - 2927 - This cluster of galaxies is 9 billion years old - light in the constellation Hydra, and is the most massive known to date. It probably contains several thousand galaxies. Image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope and the VLT. The image shows the entire galaxy cluster (1/15 of a degree, corresponding to about 7 million light - years, across). The cluster probably contains many thousands of galaxies. Most of the other galaxies in the image, including most of the blue galaxies, are foreground or background galaxies. The image, which is made with an additional infrared exposure taken with the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope, shows mature galaxies in a massive cluster that existed when the cosmos was 5000 million years old. The cluster, called RDCS1252.9 - 2927, is as massive as '300 trillion' suns and is the most massive known cluster for its epoch. Dominating the core are a pair of large, reddish elliptical galaxies [near centre of image]. Their red colour indicates an older population of stars. Most of the stars are at least 1000 million years old. The two galaxies appear to be interacting and may eventually merge to form a larger galaxy that is comparable to the brightest galaxies seen in present - day clusters. The red galaxies surrounding the central pair are also cluster members. The colour - composite image was assembled from two observations taken between May and June 2002 by the ACS Wide Field Camera, and one image with the ISAAC instrument on the VLT taken in 2002 / Bridgeman Images
PIX4565613: Galaxy cluster Abell 1689 - Gravitational lenses in Abell 1689 galaxy cluster - Galaxy cluster Abell 1689 is about 2.2 billion years ago - light in the constellation of the Virgin. This image shows, by a gravitational mirage effect, the deformed image of many galaxies located behind the cluster. Near infrared and visible image obtained by the Hubble space telescope. 34 hours of installation. This new Hubble image shows galaxy cluster Abell 1689. It combines both visible and infrared data from Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) with a combined exposure time of over 34 hours (image on left over 13 hours, image on right over 20 hours) to reveal this patch of sky in greater and striking detail than in previous observations. This image is peppered with glowing golden clumps, bright stars, and distant, ethereal spiral galaxies. Material from some of these galaxies is being stripped away, giving the impression that the galaxy is dripping, or bleeding, into the surrounding space. Also visible are a number of electric blue streaks, circling and arcing around the fuzzy galaxies in the centre. These streaks are the telltale signs of a cosmic phenomenon known as gravitational lensing. Abell 1689 is so massive that it bends and warps the space around it, affecting how light from objects behind the cluster travels through space. These streaks are the distorted forms of galaxies that lie behind the cluster / Bridgeman Images
PIX4565411: Central part of the Virgin galaxy cluster - Heart of the Virgo cluster of galaxies - On the right are the M84 (NGC 4374) and M86 (NGC 4406) (to its left). Lower left is the elliptical galaxy M87. The Virgin's cluster is located about 70 million light years away from Earth and contains nearly 2000 galaxies. This photo shows the heart of the Virgo cluster of galaxies. Located about 70 million light years away, the Virgo cluster is a gigantic collection of several thousand galaxies that dominate our local part of the universe. It is the center of our local supercluster of galaxies which includes members of our local group, the Milky Way (our own galaxy), M31, M32, M110, M33, the Magellanic clouds, and others. Markarian's Chain of galaxies is to the upper right, including giant elliptical galaxies M86 and M84. M87 is another giant elliptical galaxy at lower left in the photo. Also called Virgo A, this galaxy contains nearly 3 trillion solar masses. It lies at a distance of 60 million light years and may be as large, physically, in space, as 1/2 million light years in diameter / Bridgeman Images
PIX4565516: Seyfert's Sextet Group of Galaxies in the Snake - Seyfert's Sextet group of galaxies - This group of interacting galaxies resides approximately 190 million years ago - light in the constellation of the Snake and extends over 100,000 years - light. The small spiral galaxy seen from the front does not belong to this group. The small face - on spiral with the prominent arms [center] of gas and stars is a background galaxy almost five times farther away than the other four. Only a chance alignment makes it appear as if it is part of the group. The sixth member of the sextet isn't a galaxy at all but a long “” tidal tail””” of stars [below, right] torn from one of the galaxies. The group resides 190 million light - years away in the constellation Serpens. This densely packed grouping spans just 100,000 light - years, occupying less volume than the Milky Way galaxy. Each galaxy is about 35,000 light - years wide. Three of the galaxies [the elliptical galaxy, second from top, and the two spiral galaxies at the bottom] bear the telltale marks of close interactions with each other, or perhaps with an interloper galaxy not pictured here. Their distorted shapes suggest that gravitational forces have reshaped them. The halos around the galaxies indicate that stars have been ripped away. The galaxy at bottom, center, has a 35,000 light - year - long tail of stars flowing from it. The tail may have been pulled from the galaxy about 500 million years ago. Although part of the group, the nearly edge - on spiral galaxy at top, center, remains relatively undisturbed, except for the slight warp in its disk. Most of its stars have remained within its galactic boundaries. Unlike most other galaxy interactions observed with the Hubble telescope, this group shows no evidence of the characteristic blue regions of young star clusters, which generally arise during galaxy interactions. The lack of star - forming clusters suggests that there is something different about Seyfert's Sextet compared wi / Bridgeman Images
PIX4565577: Galaxy cluster Abell 1689 - Gravitational lenses in Abell 1689 galaxy cluster - Galaxy cluster Abell 1689 is about 2.2 billion years ago - light in the constellation of the Virgin. This image shows, by a gravitational mirage effect, the deformed image of many galaxies located behind the cluster. Near infrared and visible image obtained by the Hubble space telescope in June 2002. 13 hours of installation. This representative color image is a composite of visible - light and near - infrared exposures taken in June 2002. Hubble peered straight through the center of one of the most massive galaxy clusters known, called Abell 1689. This required that Hubble gaze at the remote cluster, located 2.2 billion light - years away, for over 13 hours. The gravity of the cluster's trillion stars - - plus dark matter - - acts as a 2 - million - light - year - wide “” lens”” in space. This “” gravitational lens””” bends and magnifies the light of galaxies located far behind it. Although much more analysis is needed, Hubble astronomers speculate that some of the faintest objects in the picture are probably over 13 billion light - years away (redshift value 6). In the image hundreds of galaxies many billions of light - years away are smeared by the gravitational bending of light into a spider - web tracing of blue and red arcs of light. Though gravitational lensing has been studied previously with Hubble and ground - based telescopes, this phenomenon has never been seen before in such detail. The ACS picture reveals 10 times more arcs than would be seen by a ground - based telescope. The ACS is 5 times more sensitive and provides pictures that are twice as sharp as the previous work - horse Hubble cameras. So it can see the very faintest arcs with greater clarity. The picture presents an immense jigsaw puzzle for Hubble astronomers to spend months untangling. Interspersed with the foreground cluster are thousands of galaxies, which are lensed images of the galaxies i / Bridgeman Images
PIX4565623: Galaxy Cluster CL2244 - 02 - Galaxy Cluster CL2244 - 02 with gravitational arcs - Galaxy cluster CL2244 - 02 seen with the VLT in Chile. A gravitational mirage is visible in the form of an arc; it is the image of an even farther away galaxy curved and amplified by the gravite of this cluster. Colour composite image of the galaxy cluster CL2244 - 02 (redshift z = 0.3), obtained with the VLT Test Camera at the UT1 Nasmyth Focus.In addition to the prominent blue arc, produced by gravitational lensing of a galaxy at redshift z = 2.24, there are also notable, very red arcs, both closer to the centre and further out. They were only detected in the infrared image and are probably due to lensing of a much more distant galaxy / Bridgeman Images
LBY4572730: Les Catacombes, Paris 14th arrondissement. The origin of the catacombs dates back to the end of the 18th century, and collected all the bones found in the soil of Paris until around 1950. Anonymity is complete. It is estimated that six million of the individuals whose remains were collected in the catacombs. / Bridgeman Images
LBY4572775: Les Catacombes, Paris 14th arrondissement. The origin of the catacombs dates back to the end of the 18th century, and collected all the bones found in the soil of Paris until around 1950. Anonymity is complete. It is estimated that six million of the individuals whose remains were collected in the catacombs. / Bridgeman Images
PIX4572158: Double star Gliese 623 - Double star system Gliese 623 in Hercules - Gliese 623 is a double star located about 25 years ago - light in the constellation Hercules. The Hubble space telescope was able for the first time to obtain an image of the two stars that make up this system, in June 1994. The two stars are separated by about twice the distance from Earth to Sun. On the right, 623b, a star 60,000 times less bright than the Sun, and 10 times less massive. Its nature is misidentified, it's a red dwarf or a brown dwarf. A dim double star system cataloged as Gliese 623 lies 25 light - years from Earth, in the constellation of Hercules. The individual stars of this binary system were distinguished for the first time when the Hubble Space Telescope's Faint Object Camera recorded this image in June 1994. They are separated by 200 million miles - about twice the Earth/Sun distance. On the right, the fainter Gliese 623b is 60,000 times less luminous than the Sun and approximately 10 times less massive. The fuzzy rings around its brighter companion, Gliese 623a, are image artifacts. The lowest mass stars are classified as red dwarf stars, but even red dwarfs are massive enough to trigger hydrogen fusion in their cores to sustain their feeble starlight. Slightly less massive objects, known as brown dwarfs, can shine only briefly as their central temperatures are too low to utilize hydrogen as nuclear fuel. The present estimates of the mass of Gliese 623b are right at this red dwarf/brown dwarf border but future observations should help clarify the nature of one of our Galaxy's small stars. Dim and difficult to detect, an abundance of objects like GL623b has been proposed as a possible solution to the mystery of “” Dark Matter”” in the Universe / Bridgeman Images
PIX4572239: Star Field in the Antenna Galaxy - Starfield in the Antennae - Detail in the Antenna Galaxy (NGC 4038 - 4039) photograph by the Hubble space telescope showing young blue stars as well as many galaxies in the background. Located about 45 million years ago - light, NGC 4038 and NGC 4039 interact. The collision started at least 100 million years ago causes intense star formation. NGC 4038 and 4039 are the well - known pair of interacting galaxies that show two broadly curved tails of stars, the 'antenna', extending a considerable distance from the action. Massive star formations are resulting of a recent collision between two galaxies (100 million years ago). This galaxy is located 45 million light year from us. Here is an image taken by the Hubble space telescope showing young blue stars and several galaxies in background / Bridgeman Images
PIX4572282: Star V838 Monocerotis 28/10/2004 - V838 Monocerotis 10/2004 - This variable star is located approximately 20,000 years - light from Earth in the constellation Unicorn. In the beginning of 2002, this star illuminated temporarily becoming one of the brightest stars in the sky. Viewed here in October 2004 by the Hubble space telescope, the light echo shows details in the interstellar dust surrounding the star. In January 2002, a variable star in the Monoceros constellation suddenly became 600,000 times more luminous than our Sun, temporarily making it the brightest star in our Milky Way galaxy. The mysterious star, called V838 Monocerotis, has long since faded back to obscurity. Seen here by Nasa's Hubble Space Telescope on October 28, 2004, the light echo around the star has uncovered details in the interstellar dust round the star / Bridgeman Images