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EVB7067999: In 1874, Thomas Nast created this racist caricature of African American politicians emotionally debating in a southern legislature during the Reconstruction Era. Ten years earlier, his depictions of blacks were more empathetic, dignified, and heroic. This may reflect the war weariness and disillusionment cause by 15 years of civil conflict (wood engraving), Nast, Thomas (1840-1902) / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068013: African American have a political discussion on a street in the American South, 1869. The Illustration appeared in 'Harper's Weekly', Nov. 1869, during the brief period from 1867 to the early 1870s, of Congressional Reconstruction. In the mid-1870s, white supremacists 'redeemed' the south, using violence which wore down the war weary nation's will to enforce the rule of law in the South (wood engraving) / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068028: THE ESPLANADE, FORT GEORGE IN UPPER CANADA, by Edward Walsh, June, 1805. Fort George was built by the British Army after Jay's Treaty (1796) required Britain to withdraw from Fort Niagara. It became the regional headquarters for the British Army and was taken by US forces in May 1813 during the War of 1812, but ultimately remained on the Canadian side of the international border (watercolour), Walsh, Edward (1756-1832) / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068036: Battle of St. Clair's Defeat, (aka Battle of a Thousand Slain) on Nov. 3, 1792. Major General Arthur St. Clair's army of 1,000 were defending their hilltop encampment, which was surrounded by a force of 1,100 Western Confederacy Indians (Little Turtle's Army) in the wilderness of western Ohio. After 3 hours battle, the remaining able bodied soldiers escaped through their encirclement with a desparate bayonet charge. The disabled, wounded, and most camp followers were left to their unhappy fate in the hands of the Indian (lithograph) / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068037: The Mississippi Senate passes a resolution asking for federal military assistance after the White League attack on Vicksburg, winter 1874-75. Their alarm was caused by interracial violence that left 3 whites and 75 blacks dead, with accusations of corrupt color city officials, and alarm of an imminent black uprising. In fact, this was an attempted coup d'etat against the Republican led legislature by a local sheriff. Later in 1875, the Democrats carried out their 'Mississippi Plan', which used terror to suppress the Republican and black vote. Republican Governor, Adelbert Ames, held on until his forced resignation in March 29, 1876 / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068038: Baxter-Brooks War of Arkansas, 1872-74. The beginning of the conflict took place in front of Anthony House, Little Rock. At one point, each side had 1,000 armed men who engaged in small battles, with some deaths. US troops led by Col. Thomas E. Rose, 16th US Infantry, attempted to keep the militias separated / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068060: In July 30, 1866, delagates met at the reconvened Louisiana Constitutional Convention, to replace the 1864 Constitution which enfranchised only white men. Non-whites and Republicans in attendance were attacked by white Democrats, including police and firemen, at the convention venue, Mechanics' Institute of New Orleans. Harper's weekly, Aug. 25, 1866 / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068069: THE STRIDE OF A CENTURY, a cartoon celebrates the centennial of the United States, in 1876. The figure of Brother Jonathan, a precursor of Uncle Sam, straddles the towers of the main building at the Philadelphia World's Fair of 1876. Between his feet the North American continent, appears on a half globe, is crossed by a railroad. Brother Jonathan was originally the personification of New England, but after the Civil War, he morphed into Uncle Same. Uncle Sam adopted his costume to personify the entire country, Currier, N. (1813-88) and Ives, J.M. (1824-95) / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068071: United States Centennial Exhibition 1876. Bird's eye view of the fairgrounds at Fairmont Park, Philadelphia. A three mile long fence defined the boundary of the 450 acres exposition. It had direct rail road service with passenger trains every 30 minutes, as well as trolley lines, street cars, and carriage routes (lithograph) / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068077: War of 1812. Battle of Fort Stephenson, in Sandusky County, Ohio, Aug. 2, 1813. British General Henry Proctor and his Indian allies led by Tecumseh, attacked Fort Stephenson after failing to capture Ft. Meigs. Procter lost 96 of his 1,400 force in repeated assaults on the fort's 160 defenders, armed only with rifles and one cannon. When the attack failed, the British and Indians retreated to Canada. Like Fort Meigs, Fort Stephenson, was built to support a planned campaign to recapture Detroit (engraving) / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068080: GENERAL WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, by Rembrandt Peale, 1813, American painting, oil on canvas. The future President was then the Governor of Indiana Territory and a commanding general in the War of 1812 invasion of Upper Canada (oil on canvas), Peale, Rembrandt (1778-1860) / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068082: GENERAL WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, by Rembrandt Peale, 1813, American painting, oil on canvas. The future President was then the Governor of Indiana Territory and a commanding general in the War of 1812 invasion of Upper Canada. Detail cropped from larger portrait (oil on canvas), Peale, Rembrandt (1778-1860) / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068098: War of 1812, Battle of Queenston Heights, Oct. 12, 1812. Battle scene in which British General Issac Brock was killed in combat (right foreground). 1,300 British soldiers, of the York and Lincoln militia and Mohawk warriors repulsed the attack by 3,550 US army and the New York militia. The Americans failed to take territory on the Canadian side of the Niagara River and American suffered 1,100 casualties (killed, wounded, captured) to the British's 128 (lithograph) / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068107: War of 1812, Battle of New Orleans, Jan. 8, 1815. Bird's eye view of the defeat of the British Army, 12,000 strong. Opposing commanders were of Sir Edward Packenham and Major General Andrew Jackson, who fought on Chalmette plain, five miles below New Orleans. The image was drawn on the field of battle by Philibert-Louis Debucourt. (aquatint), Debucourt, Philibert-Louis (1755-1832) / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068116: War of 1812. Battle of Fort Ontario at Oswego, New York State, May 6, 1814. A Squadron of British warships launch hundreds of soldiers and marines to attack the American Fort Ontario. 250 American defenders fire from the fort, but retreated before being captured. The British captured 2,400 barrels of food and ordinance, and more important, seven cannons destined for the US base at Sacket's harbor (aquatint) / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068136: British engraving of 1814, depicting the burning of Washington on August 24, 1814, during the War of 1812. This view is from what is now 'Piscataway Park', just south of Fort Washington on the Potomac River, in Maryland, about 14 miles south of Capitol Hill. The soldiers and ships are the British secondary force, that progressed up the Potomac river only as far as Alexandria, Virginia. Fort Washington, across the water, directs Artillery fire at the British. In the distance, the Capitol burns, set on fire by the British primary force, that marched 50 miles overland after landing at the Patuxent River / Bridgeman Images
EVB7068137: War of 1812. 'John Bull and the Baltimoreans,' American political cartoon, gloats over the British failure to capture Baltimore. British Admiral Sir George Cockburn's caption balloon bemoans the death of Gen. Robert Ross on Sept. 12, 1814. American soldiers urge on the British retreat with application of bayonets to John Bull's rear end (engraving) / Bridgeman Images