PIX4569048: Cluster of stars South Serpent - The Serpens South star cluster - Cluster of fifty very young stars (35 of which are still only proto - stars, stars in formation) observed by the Spitzer space telescope on 27 October 2006 in the constellation of the Serpent. Located only 848 years from Earth, this cluster of stars is completely masked by interstellar dust and is only revealed in infrared light. Red filaments in the background are organic molecules, PAH (aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons composed of carbon atoms and hydrogen. In this image, Nasa's Spitzer Space Telescope spots the Serpens South star cluster, which consists of a relatively dense group of 50 young stars - - 35 of which are protostars, or stellar infants, that are just beginning to form. Stellar members of Serpens South star cluster can be seen as the green, yellow, and orange tinted specks sitting atop the black dust lane running down the center of the image. Like raindrops, stars form when thick patches of cosmic clouds condense. Tints of green in the image represent hot hydrogen gas excited when high - speed jets of gas ejected by infant stars collide with the cool gas in the surrounding cloud. Wisps of red in the background are organic molecules called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS), which are being excited by stellar radiation from a neighboring star - forming region located to the east of this image, called W40. On Earth PAHS are found on charred barbeque grills and in the sooty automobile exhaust / Bridgeman Images
PIX4675782: South America: Bolivia - deforestation - These images, from Landsats 2, 4, and 7, show the progression of deforestation in Bolivia from 1975 to 2000. This area lies east of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, in an area of tropical dry forest. Since the mid-1980s, the resettlement of people from the Altiplano (the Andean high plains) and a large agricultural development effort (the Tierras Baja project) has lead to this area's deforestation. Soybean production began in earnest in the early 1970s following a substantial increase in the crop's world price. By the late 1980s, soybeans represented the country's most important oilseed crop. In 1988, soybean production amounted to about 150,000 tons. About 1/3 of the soybean harvest was used domestically in the form of soybean meal for the poultry industry. Other soybean meal was shipped to Peru and western Europe, and raw soybeans were exported via rail to Brazil. Locally manufactured soybean oil also competed with contraband products from neighboring countries. Most of Santa Cruz's soybean farmers were members of the well - organized and powerful National Association of Soybean Producers (Asociacion Nacional de Productores de Soya - Anpo). The town in the Southwest is Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Holy Cross of the Mountains), Bolivia. With a population of 904,376, it is the second largest city in Bolivia. Until 1950, mules transported all goods in and out of the city. The pie or radial patterned fields are part of the San Javier resettlement scheme. At the center of each unit is a small community that includes a church, bar/cafe, school, and soccer field - the essentials of life in rural Bolivia. The rectangular, light colored areas are fields of soybeans cultivated for export, mostly funded by foreign loans. The dark strips running through the fields are windbreaks, which are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616082: Mars: crater in Myers Valles - Mars: crater in Myers Valles - Mamers Valles is a valley about 1000 km long located in the region of Deuteronilus Mensae, north of Arabia Terra. The image obtained by the Mars Express probe on 5 August 2006 shows a crater at the end of this valley. This circular formation measures about thirty kilometres in diameter and is 1400 metres deep. There are traces of flow of material probably composed of water ice, similar to the relief left by the passage of glaciers on Earth. The High - Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) onboard the ESA spacecraft Mars Express obtained images focusing on a depression that displays a crater at the end of the long, winding valley, Mamers Valles. The data was obtained on 5 August 2006 with a ground resolution of approximately 14 m/per pixel. The image is centred at approximately 39* north and 17* east on the planet. The valley of Mamers Valles is approximately 1000 km long, running along the boundary between the northern lowlands and southern highlands in the region of Deuteronilus Mensae. This region shows numerous deep and wide labyrinth - like valleys and circular depressions which often show structures formed by flowing liquid on their even floors. The structures formed by the flows are thought to be ice - rich debris flows. They show some resemblance to block glaciers seen on Earth. The patches of rock at the centre of the depression are thought to be remnants of rock detached from the flanks of the depression and transported into its centre. The wrinkle ridges, are formed by compressive forces acting on the surface. The dark coloured material inside the crater could have formed in - situ or was transported by the wind. The depression is approximately 30 km wide and 1400 m deep / Bridgeman Images